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**13.2 Carbohydrates Give Structure and Energy ** Vocabulary: __carbohydrate- __ a biomolecule that contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and is produced by plants through photosynthesis. __saccharide- __ another term for carbohydrate, the prefixes //mono-,di-, // and //poly- // are used before this term to indicate the length of the carbohydrate. The term carbohydrate comes from the fact that plants make these molecules from carbon and water. __arbohydrates- __ molecules of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen produced by plants through photosynthesis. __monosaccharide- __ the fundamental carbohydrate unit. __lactose intolerance- __ condition in which ingestion of milk or milk products causes bloating, flatulence, and painful cramps. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">__<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: auto;">acidophilus bifudus- __ strain of bacteria that destroy gas-causing bacteria in our digestive tract. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">__<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: auto;">glycogen- __ polymer made of hundreds of glucose monomers and sometimes referred to as animal starch. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">__<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: auto;">cellulose- __structural component of plant cell walls. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">__<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 22px; text-align: left; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: auto;">Carbohydrates __
 * > <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: right; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: right; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Simple ** ||> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: right; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: right; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Complex ** ||
 * > <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: right; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">//<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: right; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Monosaccharides //GlucoseFructose//<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: right; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Disaccharides //SucroseLactoce ||> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: right; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">//<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: right; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Polysaccharides //HyaluronicacidChitinStarchGlycogenCellulose ||


 * < <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">[[image:cornellbiochem:Alpha-D-Fructose-structure-corrected.png width="459" height="294" caption="Alpha-D-Fructose-structure-corrected.png"]] ||
 * < <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Alpha-D-Fructose-structure-corrected.png ||


 * <  ||< <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">[[image:http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc462/462bh2008/462bhonorsprojects/462bhonors2007/gsantarelli/glucose.gif width="417" height="337" caption="Glucose (Monosacchride)"]] ||
 * < <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Glucose (Monosacchride) ||
 * < <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Glucose (Monosacchride) ||
 * < <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Glucose (Monosacchride) ||

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